Wilkens, PMP. No one likes to do it, but often it’s necessary and worth it in the end. float has 23 mantissa bits + 1 hidden bit: log (2 24. 1. On a critical path, the total float is zero. In order to see late start and late finish fields on Gant Chart view, let's apply the Schedule table. , in the below diagrams activity B is dependent on A; vice versa is not true. If the film is too slack, it will get damaged when it flaps against the inside of the projector. Total Float represents the duration by which a task can be delayed without delaying the project's final completion date. In doing so, it defines the purpose and process of creating a work breakdown structure (WBS), work packages, project activities, logic, resources and. Both of these formulas produce the same result. A float will always have a zero value on the critical path. Look into the definition and examples of slack time, and learn about slack time. It is also called the activity-on-node (AON) method. Helps to manage resources more efficiently. Precedence Diagram Method (PDM) Dependency Levels. Negative float, also known as negative slack, is a common concept in project management that refers to the amount of time that must be saved to complete a project on time. Inspire Planner automatically calculates both Free Slack and Total Slack. Total float is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project completion date. The float is an advantage for the project. The result of the analysis defines the critical path, a sequential set of related and essential steps. 629. There are two types of slack in MS PROJECT 2013: Free slack: The free slack of an activity is the time this activity can be delayed without impact on the following activity. "Slack" es un adjetivo que se puede traducir como "flojo", y "float" es un verbo intransitivo que se puede traducir como "flotar". Project Management Basics Nov 3, 2023 In project management, “float” or “slack” is the amount of time a task can be delayed without affecting the deadlines of. View More. Execute Project with the Urgency Required to Deliver Business Value ; Manage Communications ; Assess and Manage Risks ; Engage StakeholdersNext page. Send logged hours to your current billing system. In this video, I will answer the question, what is float? Or, if you prefer, what is Slack? (not the software)Float as schedule flexibilityIt is the amount o. As the name implies, a double has 2x the precision of float [1]. I have also compiled a PMP Formulas Cheat Sheet. Add your perspective Help others by sharing more (125 characters min. It is also called the activity-on-node (AON) method. Total slack: The total slack of an activity is the time this activity can be delayed without impact on the. That binds both the concepts - 5 process groups for a project management plan (PMP) or 5 phases for APM. Free float refers to the amount of time that a task can be delayed without having an impact on the deadline of the next task. The risk of not calculating Total Float or Slack Time accurately can lead to delays and cost overruns. 61% market share in the same market space. Based on PM PrepCast and Formula Study Guide, here are the fomulas: EF = ES + Dur - 1 ES = EF of prev (largest) + 1 LF = LS of succ (smallest) -. Slack: Slack is a messaging app for teams. Float, or slack, is the amount of time a delayed task can postpone the project's completion. The 8 free days you have between the time you start work and the date of submission is the slack (float) in your activity. These activities are having Finish to Start Relationships. Money or resources saved now can be used to make up time later. Both ensure that the project is a success while accounting for any unwanted delays. ” Total float is how long an activity can be delayed without putting off the project completion date. There will be no exams! Projects Submit via Dropbox, view grades in Gradebook. . se CPM on real projects to achieve better schedule efficiency. The slack and float. Hi Mohd, Here are my two cents: Total float is the amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the project completion date. Total float means how long we can delay an activity without taking off the completion date of the project. com, 347-536-2811 Float/Slack or Buffer Calculation: Activities in the critical path have no float as any delay will increase the duration of the project. Positive float is the amount of time that must be saved to bring the project to completion on time. Nov 3, 2023. Float represents the amount of time a particular task can be delayed without jeopardizing or delaying the. It contains 45 formulas and 57 abbrviations. In contrast, the total float is a measure of a task's flexibility and how much it can be delayed without affecting the overall completion date of the project. I can't help but wonder if there is any substance to this hot topic. Note that Lead vs Lag time is an important concept for PMP and CAPM Certification Exam. The schedule baseline is an approved version of the project schedule. The Free Agile PrepCast; Free PMI-ACP® Exam Newsletter; All Free PMI-ACP® Exam Resources. ” For the PMP® certification exam, use the officially PMI® definition and formula. To calculate the nine days of float, you subtract the early finish from the late finish, or the early start from the late start. Sometimes referred to as “slack,” float connects with project timing, schedule network diagrams, and the critical path of a project. Early Start and Early Finish. . Using Hide Column option under Format menu, hide these columns since we will no longer need them. – Lag is mandatory delay in the Project Schedule. " But let's move on to a more concrete meaning. Resource leveling is a resource management technique that involves balancing available resources and schedules to complete projects on time. I have also compiled a PMP Formulas Cheat Sheet. Free float is a measure of a task's flexibility and how much it can be delayed without affecting other tasks. Step 3: Add relationships and dependencies to each activity in the table. Early Start, Late Start, Early Finish, Late Finish, Forward Pass, Backward Pass, Slack, Float, F. Introducing an on-demand, cost-effective way to prepare for the Project Management Professional (PMP) ® certification exam with the PMI ® Authorized Online PMP ® Practice Exam. Float represents the amount of time a particular task can be delayed without jeopardizing or delaying the entire. Build your confidence. resource smoothing, the best time to use each, and when schedule optimization is ideal. Comparing PMP Slack Integration with Other Membership Management Tools 8. Connect with your existing tools and workflows. Update May 2018: it appears Slack has fallen and Float is the preferred term according to the PMBOK ® Guide 6th edition, although many project managers will continue to use the term Slack. We will no longer have any free time (slack) so I must start. Additionally, Slack is used in Microsoft Project, therefore, knowing both terms – Float and Slack – is important. No one likes to do it, but often it’s necessary and worth it in the end. Step – 5: Mark the Critical path with zero float. Total float is also known as “float. Download Solution PDF. It’s automatically calculated into your project when you schedule tasks, and you can. The critical path is the sequence of dependent activities with the longest overall duration. Represents the flexibility for task delays without affecting project duration; Critical path tasks have zero floats, indicating no room for delay; Critical Path. The way we do that is we enter the highest early finish in. Step I – Identify New Change Request. Can help to avoid rushing to complete tasks at the last minute. Critical Path: The continuous string (s) of critical activities in the schedule between the. Total Float is a widely talked about topic in Project Management. Offers. Calculation Free Float vs Total Float A Float/Slack is a schedule flexibility an activity has in a project network diagram which allows the delay of the activity without causing a specific delay: Free Float : the amount of time (float) an activity on the schedule network diagram can be freely delayed without affecting the early start of the of following. Method 2 using the mathematical equation. On a critical path, the total float is zero. . Regular project reports keep all of your stakeholders on top of what is happening with the project. The process of schedule development includes: identification of all activities, sequencing all activities based on dependency, estimating duration of each activity and finalizing the schedule. Total Float = LS – ES. Thuật ngữ slack và float có ý nghĩa tương đồng và cùng với các thuật, Xem thêm: Posted by at 1:19 AM. To calculate total float, subtract the task’s earliest finish (EF) date from its latest finish (LF) date. In Figure 1, all tasks and a constrained finish milestones are linked with finish-to-start dependencies. Simply we can say that Free Float is the amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the “Early Start” date of its successor. • Total float This is the total. By Jeremy McAbee , May 16, 2022 - 5 min read Project managers who’ve been around the block know that even the best-laid plans can go awry. Early Start – The earliest time that an activity can start Free slack (or free float) refers to how much time a task can be delayed before a subsequent task — or the entire project itself — is also delayed. Using fast tracking, activities on the critical longest path. (For this general discussion, Total Float and Total Slack are. . ) CancelThis is a part-post from Developing Project Schedule project management activity post. Critical Path, PERT and Standard Deviation 4 Steps to Solve a PDM PMP Question. Negative float, also known as negative slack, is a common concept in project management that refers to the amount of time that must be saved to complete a project on time. Formulas / Math for PMP 1. Different than TF which is calculated at the path level, FF is calculated at the activity level. Check out for more free engineering tutorials and math lessons!Project Management Tutorial: What is total float (total slack) an. If I take all the processes where CRs are inputs or outputs (part of ITTOs - Inputs, Tools an Techniques and Outputs), it will be quite. merge) to one activity in forward pass as shown in fig-1, then ES of activity C = (greater EF from activity A and B) + 1. The successor activity is required to wait for the duration of Lag. Total float is often known as the slack. Include information such as duration, time lags, or float between activities to enhance the project manager’s ability to do an analysis. This post will outline how to enable the Total Slack, Free Slack and Negative Total Slack in MS Project. It adjusts the activities of a schedule after resource leveling to ensure resource requirements stay within predefined limits. 1. It adjusts the activities of a schedule after resource leveling to. For example, if a task is scheduled to take 5 days to complete and it. This is often used alongside the critical path method, which helps project managers schedule activities effectively and calculate how long it will take to complete a project. Total float is the amount of time a task or a project can be delayed without impacting the overall project completion time. Free float is often associated with activities NOT on the critical path. Let’s take a quick look at some of the major benefits of using float: Prevents tasks from building up and impacting the due date of the project. And a crucial element of any project plan is the project schedule. The only difference is that slack time is usually used in the critical path method (CPM). Risk: Loss of flexibility. Total Float (TF): Total float, also known as "slack," represents the maximum amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the project's completion date. 4y. E_PERT= (O+P+4×M)/6. Fast-Tracking. Total Float is the total amount of time a task can be delayed and still keep the project on schedule, while Free Float is the amount of time a task can be delayed without impacting other tasks in the project. The difference between the planned finish date and the actual finish. Several tools help determine activity duration. Slack has a freeform, looser feel that we like but some might consider a tad chaotic. Following are the concepts discussed in this video:What is Float/Slack?What is Free Float?what is Total Float in Project Management? What is float in project. But that diagram does not show the. To find a critical path on any project or given conditions, you need to follow the below steps; Step – 1: Construct a network diagram. The threaded conversation option comes as a cherry on the top. It refers to the difference in time between the planned completion date for the engagement and the contracted completion date. Total Float: Total float is what many of us are aware of, and is commonly referred to as a float. Example of the Critical Path Method diagram. Market Share of Slack Vs Trello. Leads measure what could be and lags measure what is. You will learn how to calculate critical path, float/slack, early & late starts, and early & late finishes of a network path in this article. To date, this PMP Question Bank has helped over 10,000 PMP aspirants pass the PMP exam. Float. Activities B and E have some float, which is represented in gray. Float management helps you identify “float” or “slack” time within your project’s schedules, helps you work around delays, and streamlines your projects. Iterative and Incremental (I & I) Life. . The Critical Path. Step II – Impact Analysis of CR. This is how we can track the slack time. 76% market share in the category of productivity tools, while Trello has 1. There are two kinds of float, total float and free float. 6. Besides, there are two popular tools carrying the same names. Free float can be calculated by subtracting the early start date of the next activity from the early finish date of the. Resource leveling does not affect a project’s critical path. However, the main difference between float and slack is that slack is typically associated with inactivity,. It’s useful to work this out at the start of the project to allow the team to stay agile and offer some flexibility when it’s. Project managers can set an earlier internal deadline for the execution team than the client expects the team to complete the project. Slack/ Float. Critical Activity: Any activity in the schedule that does not possess any float; Total Float=0. The terms "slack" and "float" are often used interchangeably. Float is the critical path duration &. The Total Float is estimated as the distinction between the ambitious beginning and poor start dates (LS – ES) or late completion and early completion dates (LF – EF). Then we can. PERT combines probability theory and statistics to derive a formula for the average activity from the three-point estimates. Technically, there are three different types of float: • Free float This is the total time a single activity can be delayed without affecting the early start of any successor activities. Resource smoothing is a technique used in project management to optimize resource allocation without extending project duration. Free Float: The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date. Float = Slack, and Slack = Float. Project management formulas to calculate Estimate to complete (ETC) to complete the balance work. Total Float = Late Start date – Early Start date Or. These are used to. If two activities converge (i. Free float. PMP Critical Path Method, which is abbreviated as CPM, is one of the most popular schedule network analysis technique, as defined in the online PMP courses. In project management, “float” or “slack” is the amount of time a task can be delayed without affecting the deadlines of subsequent tasks or the project’s final delivery date. Test your knowledge. The whole idea of network diagram and finding the project duration is to identify the critical path and total float. Solution. Easily share and collaborate on project files. Slack vs. Free Float: The amount that a task can move without affecting other tasks. While total float is the amount of time a task can be delayed without impacting the completion time of the project as a whole. I not reason that total float plus free float were different concepts befor me PMP exam preparation. 2 PMP vs. The float calculations for the sample schedule are shown in Exhibit 5. Total Float - Pmi’s Pmp. Step 2: List all activities and their sequences in a table. Of course, this also adds to the cost of the overall project. A concept related to, and crucial for using the Critical Path Method is float or slack. Critical path, or chain, or both? PM Network, 14 (7), 68–74. Displaying Total Slack (Float), Free Slack (Float) and Negative Slack (Float) Graphically in MS Project 2019. Free Float: This is the allowable time for an activity to slip without affecting its successor. LS – the latest time to start with the activity. The longest task sequence determining the minimum project duration; Tasks on the critical path have zero float and are crucial for the project timeline; Lead TimeTotal Float = LS – ES or LF – EF; Consider the first node, Node A. PERT Formula is one on the ways for doing three point estimation. Total float is how long an activity can be delayed, without delaying the project completion date. Total Float (TF) :LS – ES , LF – EF. Once backward pass and total float calculation is complete the resultant network diagram will look as follows. The critical path is the longest sequence of activities that make up a path through a project – so it is the longest sequence of activities, and that determines how soon were able to actually complete our project, which gives us the shortest possible project duration. Free PMP® Practice Exam; The Free PM PrepCast; Free PMP® Exam Guides; Free PMP® Exam Newsletter; Free PMP® Webinars; All Free PMP® Exam Resources. In this video a Gantt chart example is used to explain th. Tracking of Project Slack. Sometimes. It contains 45 formulas and 57. And always 0 at summary task level · Free Slack is the number of days that an activity can have before it starts delaying the next (successor). How it works: Slack for software development. Free Float can only be non-zero when two or more activities have a common successor activity. That means, when Activity A will finish, B. Free Float: The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date. Free Slack vs Total Slack. What is the difference between leads and lags in project management? Leads are the predicted measurement of how long it will take to do something while lags measure how far behind a task or project phase is after it has started. The approximate slack will be 4 days. Instructor: Mike Miller. It will help you in your exam prep. PDM is a scheduling technique of the ‘sequence activities’ process in PMI methodology. If you stick to your non-optimized schedule, you are more likely to experience delays. What is the difference between zero float or slack, free float or slack, and total float or slack. We calculate our Late Start and Late finish times. Resource smoothing is used when the time constraint takes priority. While total float is the amount of time a task can be delayed without impacting the completion time of the project as a whole. An alternative formula is using the finish times: Using the following variables: Earliest Finish Time (EFT) - the earliest time when an activity is finished. Step – 3: Perform Forward and Backword pass (Not necessary every time!) Step – 4: Calculate the float. Traditional. Float is used to schedule individual tasks, while slack is used to manage the. + = Under planned cost. Anything can happen during the course of working on an extended task. Dự trữ riêng - Free Slack: là thời gian mà công việc có thể thay đổi thời điểm bắt đầu (hoặc kết thúc) hoặc kéo dài thêm mà không làm ảnh hưởng đến. Use a schedule network diagram, with regular diagram updates, to monitor changes to the project’s schedule, paying particular attention to the critical path. Features Overview Trello. Slack users reduce emails by 32% and meetings by 23%. Let’s start with total float. It’s also important to include slack time (or float) in the calculation to come up with a reasonable deadline. Total Float. Free Float Vs. Wilkens, T. The Free Agile PrepCast; Free PMI-ACP® Exam Newsletter; All Free PMI-ACP® Exam Resources. . 4y. Monitor progress to ensure that the quality of the work is. Total float is the total amount of time an activity on the schedule network diagram can be. PMP® Certification Exam Fluidity Question Examples. Products Similar to Slack. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Q1: Can Slack be used for project management? Slack is primarily a communication and collaboration platform. Negative slack can also indicate a scheduling problem when, for example, a task’s start date is set earlier than the end date for a preceding task in the critical Because each task in the critical path must be completed before the next can be. Float Calculation. PMP credential holders should also know how to use the project schedule network diagram to identify the critical path and float for the project to enhance all schedule management. PMP Exam Formulas. . Quick videos showcasing how engineering teams use Slack to ship code faster and improve service reliability. PMP Exam Formulas. Free float is similar to total float as far as calculations. Slack and Float are synonymous and are calculated in the same way i. Positive float activities are not on critical path . ES of all other activites = EF (of previous activity) + 1. Negative Float - results when the time. by Tammo T. Project float is when the project team delays the entire initiative without affecting the end user, client or customer. Mr. : 508 : 183 If a project network chart/diagram has 4 non-critical paths then that project would have 4 total float. Another way of looking at negative float is the time beyond the scheduled completion date that a project or activity requires to achieve completion. Free Float = ES of successor activity. In Slack, you can avail three options- Direct message, Private Conversation, and Private Channel. Total Float = The Late Start date – The Early Start date. Total float is associated with the path. The amount of time that a scheduled activity can be delayed without affecting the end of the project – aka project float . Filicetti, PMP, MBA. Free Float (FF) : ES (of successors) – EF of current activity -1Total Float = LF – EF. I suggest you get yourself a. Buffer or Reserve Or Padding are used in project management as a risk response strategy. All you need to do is click the Options dropdown in Slack to reveal options for adding conversations as messages or comments to Teamwork. Thế nào là Slack và Float? Sự khác nhau giữa Free Float, Total Float và Project Float?. Free Float: The amount that a task can move without affecting other tasks. 19 Frequently Asked Questions on Critical Path Method Total Float vs. Use the chart to help you understand the cost management formulas. Float, also known as free float, is the amount of time that a task can be delayed without affecting the start or finish of another task. Critical Path Analysis. ” Float is an activity’s wiggle room. Pull Communication in Project ManagementIn the first step, the schedule is analyzed with the Critical Path Method (CPM). I used to think she were synonymously. The term float means "fluid", which further implies "flexibility". Required fields are marked. Slack and float can also help you optimize the use of resources, prioritize tasks, and allocate contingency reserves. Instead of letting. Project managers usually apply schedule adjustments to develop an efficient CPM schedule. ES = Early Start, EF = Early Finish. There are several formulas to calculate the slack time at the tasks level. If a task has float, you can spend more time on it than is allotted, without disrupting the rest of the project schedule. Reply: Total Float vs. Conducting a forward pass allows you to calculate the total project duration based on early finish dates of critical path activities. Project Management Professional (PMP)® certification requires knowledge of the project schedule network diagram in terms of types, benefits, and how to create one. ETC = Re-estimate manually. Walker and James E. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Q1: Can Slack be used for project management? Slack is primarily a communication and collaboration platform. Forward Pass in CPMTotal float/slack (TF), and; Free float (FF). Update May 2018: it appears Slack has fallen and Float is the preferred term according to the PMBOK ® Guide 6th edition, although many project managers will continue to use the term Slack. The critical path is the longest sequence of activities that make up a path through a project – so it is the longest sequence of activities, and that determines how soon were able to actually complete our project, which gives us the shortest possible project duration. Risk: Loss of flexibility. The only reason for that is the fact that Float and Slack are essentially the same! Treat them as synonyms as far as Project. Free float is the duration that a task can be postponed without delaying the ES of the successor activity. Free Slack and Total Slack are completely two different concepts in management. You will find definitions, detailed description, and. View Formulas Math for PMP. Slack and float are two terms that refer to the amount of time that a project activity or a path can be delayed without affecting the project deadline. Activity float = Late Start - Early Start = 16 - 5 = 11 days. Method 1 to calculate ETC. Total float is often known as the slack or Float. By Praveen Malik, PMP July 22, 2023. Buffer or Reserve Or Padding are used in project management as a risk response strategy. Check out for more free engineering tutorials and math lessons!Project Management Tutorial: Determine Total Float & Free Float (. Free float refers to the amount of time that a task can be delayed without having an impact on the deadline of the next task. Float or Slack in Project Management. This could either be a free float or a total float. Import tasks from your favorite project management tool. Reply: Total Float vs. 98% The SW Score ranks the products within a particular category on a variety of parameters, to provide a definite ranking system. Understand the difference between Lead-Lag, Float/Slack and Buffer Management Report this post Kailash Upadhyay - PMI(PfMP, PgMP, PMP, ACP, RMP) Microsoft(MCP, MCT), IIBA(CBAP)PERT is determined using three points: Optimistic (O), Most Likely (M), and Pessimistic (P). Free Float. PMP credential holders should also know how to use the project schedule network diagram to identify the critical path and float for the project to enhance all schedule management. This paper examines the essential components constituting a project schedule. Feasibility Study and Its Importance in Project Management Article. Absolute Float is how much time an action can be postponed without deferring the general task length and is additionally called “float” or “Lag”. Total Float is a widely talked about topic in Project Management. Project Float (slack): The amount of time the activity can be delayed without delaying the externally imposed project completion date required by the management or by the customer. For example, if a task is scheduled to take 5 days to complete and it. Float simply means freedom or breathing time available in the schedule for PM for executing the project activities. Float is a measure of flexibility in the project schedule. Try the problem first and then go for it!SITE: Media specializes in project management education and professional development. Forward Pass in CPM Float and slack are synonymous, the only difference between the two lies in your attitude — float is how much extra time you can dedicate to tasks whereas slack is how long you can procrastinate. On critical path LS = ES and LF = EF hence total float is equal to zero. PERT combines probability theory and statistics to derive a formula for the average activity from the three-point estimates. It’s the path that doesn’t have any slack in it – so there’s no. When studying PERT as part of preparing to take the PMP® exam, it is important to. Tinox1 • 2 yr. Float, also known as 'slack,' is a scheduling concept used to determine the flexibility and availability of time for a specific activity or task in a project. This post will outline how to enable the Total Slack, Free Slack and Negative Total Slack in MS Project. A project schedule network diagram is an output type of the process ‘sequencing activities’ according to PMI’s Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®, 6 th ed. Businesses track it using a platform dashboard. The first step in CPA is to define all project tasks (both critical and non-critical), and the maximum and minimum times it would take to complete these tasks. During the float time, an activity can be delayed without delaying the project finish date. Total Float. All activities on a Path will have the same Float Path number (eg: 2) and you can sort them by Float Path Order. Project float: definition. Some books also use Project Float of just Float in place of Total Float. With negative float caused by a Must Finish By date constraint, one solution to remove it would be to compress the project schedule. A forward pass in project management is a technique used to move through a project network diagram. The former is called “free float”, and the latter is called “total float”. Float or Slack is again an activity duration unit where a task can be delayed without having an impact on the early start date of successor task (free float) or project duration (Total Float) or customer constraints date. Rated the #1 Resource Management Software on G2. You can calculate the total float by subtracting the Early Start date of an activity from its Late Start date. Many project managers use Slack to make communication with their team and between team members easier and clearer. Formula: Float = LS-ES or LF - EF. Project managers use a variety of methods, tools and. But the early start or early finish and late start or late finish numbers can actually show you how much freedom you really have. If a task has float, you can spend more time on it than is allotted, without disrupting the rest of the project schedule. Free Float vs. Calculating Float in a PND. The slack time formula is: Slack Time = LS-ES. Total float refers to the amount of time an activity can be postponed without delaying the complete project duration. In fast-tracking, you review the critical path and list all vital activities. Teams has a vaguely corporate look, which feels more streamlined but. Accordingly, if an activity is on the critical path, the float (slack) of that activity will be zero. For easier understanding this post is divided into four parts that can be navigable at the bottom of each part. Activity A = 3 Days, Activity B = 2 Days, and Activity C= 3 Days. In formula form, Slack or ST =LST- EST. . Slack supports collaborative file and document sharing and integrates with cloud-storage tools like Google Drive, OneDrive and Dropbox so you can upload and retrieve reports from anywhere 24/7. E. Optimistic (O), Pessimistic (P), and Most Likely (M). pick two (pick any two): Pick two, sometimes expressed as pick any two, is the principle that in many sets of three desirable qualities, those qualities will be somewhat mutually exclusive. Step 1: Calculate number of incomplete tasks with high float by looking at the float of each task and noting how many have float of greater than 44 days. It's the difference. Free Slack: The amount of time a task can delay without delaying the deadline of succeeding tasks is called free slack. Step 1: Break your Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) into activity levels. It contains 45 formulas and 57 abbrviations. The term is used primarily in the Critical Path Method to distribute work among team members evenly where a project's critical activities are plotted on a timeline. E_SA= (O+P+M)/3. Start with the critical path, beginning at the last activity’s late finish. ETC = (BAC – EV) / CPI. Click View > Tables > Schedule.